Physics Motion part-2
Newton's laws of Motion are a set of three fundamental laws proposed by the English physicist and mathematician
Sir Isaac Newton in 1687. These laws describe the relationship between an object and the forces acting on it, and they form the foundation of classical mechanics. In this Physics Motion part-2 content we know three laws
The three laws are:
- Law of Inertia: An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue to move at a constant velocity in a straight line, unless acted upon by an external force.
- Law of Acceleration: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force applied to it, and inversely proportional to its mass. This can be expressed as F = ma, where F is the force applied, m is the mass of the object, and a is the resulting acceleration.
- Law of Action-Reaction: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that if one object exerts a force on another object, the second object will exert an equal and opposite force back on the first object.
Newton's first law of motion
also known as the law of inertia, states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue to move at a constant velocity in a straight line, unless acted upon by an external force.
This means that an object will remain in its state of motion, whether it is at rest or moving with a constant velocity, unless there is a net external force acting upon it. The inertia of an object refers to its tendency to resist changes in its state of motion.
For example, if a book is sitting on a table, it will remain at rest unless an external force, such as a push or a pull, is exerted on it. Similarly, if a ball is rolling on a flat surface with no friction, it will continue to move at a constant velocity in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.
The law of inertia has many practical applications, including in car safety design, where seat belts and airbags are used to protect passengers in the event of a sudden change in motion, and in space exploration, where spacecraft must be designed to minimize the effects of inertia on the astronauts and equipment
Newton's second law
states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass. This can be expressed mathematically as F = ma, where F is the net force applied to the object, m is the mass of the object, and a is the resulting acceleration.
This means that the greater the force applied to an object, the greater its acceleration will be, and the more massive an object is, the less it will accelerate under the same force.
For example, if a person pushes a shopping cart with a force of 10 Newtons, and the mass of the cart is 20 kilograms, the resulting acceleration can be calculated using the formula a = F/m. In this case, the acceleration would be 0.5 meters per second squared.
The second law of motion has many practical applications, including in the design of vehicles and machinery, where engineers must consider the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration in order to ensure safe and efficient operation. It is also used in the study of projectile motion, where the force of gravity is the net force acting on an object and determines its acceleration.
Newton's third law
states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that when one object exerts a force on another object, the second object will exert an equal and opposite force back on the first object.
For example, if you push on a wall with a force of 10 Newtons, the wall will push back on you with a force of 10 Newtons in the opposite direction. Similarly, when a rocket expels gas out of its engines, the force of the gas pushing out of the rocket is balanced by an equal and opposite force pushing the rocket forward.
This law applies to all types of interactions between objects, whether they are in contact with each other or separated by a distance. It is important to note that the two forces in a third law pair act on different objects, not on the same object.
The third law of motion has many practical applications, including in the design of rockets,
Read more: MOTION Part-1
Elastic and inelastic collision
Elastic and inelastic collisions are two types of collisions that occur between two objects. The main difference between the two is the amount of kinetic energy that is conserved during the collision.
An elastic collision is one in which both the momentum and kinetic energy are conserved. In an elastic collision, the two objects bounce off each other without any loss of energy due to friction or deformation. This means that the total kinetic energy of the system before and after the collision remains the same. Elastic collisions are rare in everyday life, but they are commonly observed in the collision of billiard balls, for example.
On the other hand, an inelastic collision is one in which the kinetic energy is not conserved. In an inelastic collision, the two objects stick together or deform upon impact, resulting in a loss of kinetic energy. Inelastic collisions are common in everyday life, such as the collision of two cars or the dropping of an object on the ground.
It's important to note that in both elastic and inelastic collisions, momentum is always conserved. This means that the total momentum of the system before and after the collision remains the same, even if the kinetic energy is not conserved in an inelastic collision.
